Useful References on Loudspeaker System Design

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Of all the technical publications on loudspeaker system design that are presented here, the first six are particularly useful since they contain a wealth of collected information. Also, many of the journal articles published by the Audio Engineering Society that are referenced in this bibliography are contained within the AES publications listed at [1] and [2].Please note that this list is definitely far from exhaustive, there have been many more contributions to the field of loudspeaker design than it is possible to include here.

[1] R.E. Cooke (Editor), "LOUDSPEAKERS VOLUME 1 - An anthology of articles on loudspeakers from the pages of the Journal of the Audio Engineering Society, VOI. 1-VOI. 25 (1953-1977)," Second Edition, 1980, 448 pp. (Available from 01d Colony Sound Lab and the AES.)

[2] R.E. Cooke (Editor), "LOUDSPEAKERS VOLUME 2 - An anthology of articles on loudspeakers from the pages of the Journal of the Audio Engineering Society, Vol. 26-Vol. 31 (1978-1983)," First Edition, 1984, 464 pp. (Available from old Colony Sound Lab and the AES.)

[3] M. Colloms, "High Performance Loudspeakers," 4th edition, (Halsted Press, JOhn Wiley k Sons, 1991, 407 pp., ISBN 0-470-21721-9). (Available from old ColonySound Lab. )

[4] V. Dickason, "The Loudspeaker Design Cookbook," 5th edition, Audio Amateur Press, Peterborough, New Hampshire, 1995, 224 pp., ISBN 1-882580-10-9 (available from 01d Colony Sound Lab). Chapters include: How Loudspeakers Work, Closed-Box Low-Frequency Systems, yented-Box Low-Frequency Sys tems, Pass ive-Radia tor Low-Frequency Systems, Transmiss ion-Line Low-Frequency Systems, Cabinet Construction: Shape and Daotping; Mid- and High-Frequency Drivers: Appl ication and Enclosures, Passive and Active Crossover Networks, Loudspeaker Testing, CAD Software for Loudspeaker Design, Hone Theatre Loudspeakers, Car Audio Loudspeakers, and Loudspeaker Design and Construction Resources. German language version of 4th Edition translated by Gotz Schwamkrug and published by Elektor-Verlag GillbH, 5100 Aachen, 1993, ISBN 3-928051-36-9.

[5] Robert M. Bullock lll, assisted by Robert White, "Bullock on Boxes,"(Audio Amateur Press, Peterborough, New Hampshire, USA, 1991, ISBN 0-9624191-5-X). (Available from 01d Colony Sound Lab. ) Chapters include: Thiele, Small and Vented Loudspeaker Design, Determining Design Parameters for Your Loudspeaker, Fine Points of Vented Speaker Des ign, AI ternat ive AI ignments, Thiele-Smal I Calculator Programs, BoxResponse Program, Realizing BoxResponse's Potential, BoxModel: an Aid to woofer system design and correspondence and updates

[6] J. E. Benson, "Theory and Design of Loudspeaker Enclosures, " (Synergetic Audio Concepts, 1993, 244 pp. , ISBN 0-9638929-0-8). Available from old Colony Sound Lab. This book provides a comprehensive analysis of infinite-baffie, closed-box, damped vented-box, passive-radiator vented-box, and acoustic-resistance controlled systems. Includes many design tables, charts, and graphs .

[7] J.R. Ashley and T. A. Saponas, Wisdom and Witchcraft of old Wives' Tales Abou't Woofer Baffies,'' J. Audio Eng. Soc., Vol. 18, No. 5, pp. 524-529 (1970 october). See also "Comments on 'Wisdom and Witchcraft','' J. Audio Eng. Soc., Vol. 19, No. 1, p. 58 (1971 January).

[8] J. R. Ashley and L.M. Henne, operational Amplifier lmplementation of ldeal Electronic Crossover Networks, J. Audio Eng. Soc., Vol. 19, pp. 7-ll (1971 January).

[9] R. H. Small, ''Constant-Voltage Crossover Network Design," Proc. l.R.E.E. Australia, Vol. 31, pp. 66-73 (1970 March); also J. Audio Eng. Soc., VOI. 19, pp. 12-19 (1971 January).

[10] A.N. Thiele, ''Loudspeakers in Vented Boxes: Part 1"J. Audio Eng. Soc., vol. 19, pp.382 ff. (1971 May).

[11] A.N. Thiele, ''Loudspeakers in Vented Boxes: Part II, " J. Audio Eng. Soc., Vol. 19, pp. 471 ff. (1971 June).

[12] J. R. Ashley and A. L. Kaminsky,Active and Passive Filters as Loudspeaker Crossover Networks, J. Audio Eng. Soc., Vol. 19, pp. 494-501 (1971 June).

[13] A. P. Smith, "Electronic Crossover Networks and Their Contribution to lmproved Loudspeaker Transient Response," J. Audio Eng. Soc. , Vol. 19, pp. 674-679 (1971 September).

[14] R. H. Small, "Closed-Box Loudspeaker Systems Part i: Analysis," J. Audio Eng. Soc., Vol. 20, pp. 798-808 (1972 December).

[15] D. B. Keele, Jr. "Sensitivity of Thiele' s Vented Loudspeaker Enclosure Alignments to Parameter Variations," J. Audio Eng. Soc. , Vol. 21, pp. 246-255 (1973 May).

[16] R. H. Small, "Vented-Box Loudspeaker Systems Part .1: Stual l-Signal Analysis,'' J. AudiO Eng. Soc., VOI. 21, pp. 363-372 (1973 June).

[17] R. H. Small, "Vented-Box Loudspeaker Systems Part II: Large-Signal Analysis,'' J. Audio Eng. SOc., Vol. 21, pp. 438-444 (1973 Ju1y/August) .

[18] R. H. Small, "Vented-Box Loudspeaker Systems Part lll: Synthesis," J. Audio Eng. Soc., Vol. 21, pp. 549-554 (1973 September).

[19] R. H. Small, "Vented~Box Loudspeaker Systems Part IV: Appendices," J. Audio Eng. Soc., Vol. 21, pp. 635-639 (1973 october).

[20] R. F. Allison, "The influence of Room Boundaries on Loudspeaker Power output,'' J. Audio Eng. SOc., Vol. 22, pp. 314-320 (1974 June) .

[21] R. H. Small, "passive-Radiator Loudspeaker Systems Part i: Analysis,J. Audio Eng. Soc., Vol. 22, pp. 592-601 (1974 october).

[22] R. H. Small, "passive-Radiator Loudspeaker Systems Part II:Synthesis,J. Audio Eng. Soc., Vol. 22, pp. 683-689 (1974 Novetaber) .

[23] A. N. Thiele, "optitaum Passive Loudspeaker Dividing Networks," Proc.I.R.E.E. Australia, VOI. 36, pp. 220-224 (1975 July). -

[24] J. E. Benson,An Introduction to the Design of Filtered Loudspeaker Systems, J. Audio Eng. Soc., Vol. 23, pp. 536-545 (1975 September) .

[25] S. H. Linkwitz, Active Crossover Networks for Noncoincident Drivers,'' J. Audio Eng. S0c., V01. 24, pp. 28 (1976 January/ February) .

[26] L. J. S. Bradbury, The Use of Fibrous Materials in Loudspeaker Enclosures, J. Audio Eng. Soc., Vol. 24, No. 3, pp. 162-170 (1976 March). See Cominents by J. Catrysse, J. Audio Eng. Soc., Vol. 25, No. 3, pp. 121-122 (1977 March)

[27] A.N. Thiele, Air-Cored Inductors for Audio,J. Audio Eng. Soc., Vol. 24, pp. 374-378 (1976 June).

[28] A. N. Thiele,Air-Cored inductOrS for Audio - A Postscript, J. Audio Eng. Soc., Vol. 24, pp. 830-832 (1976 December).

[29] E. Baekgaard,A Novel Approach to Linear Phase Loudspeakers Using Passive Crossover Networks, J. Audio Eng. Soc., Vol. 25, pp. 284-294 (1977 May). See also W.M. Leach and W. J. J. Hoge, Comnients on A Novel Approach to Linear Phase Loudspeakers Using Passive Crossover Networks,'' J. Audio Eng. Soc., Vol. 26, pp. 650-654 (1978 Se p t embe r )

[30] S. H. Linkwitz,passive Crossover Networks for Noncoincident Drivers, J. Audio Eng. Soc., Vol. 26, pp. 149-150 (1978 March).

[31] G. J. Adams, Computer-Aided Loudspeaker System Design Part l: Synthesis Using optimization Techniques,J. Audio Eng. Soc. , Vol. 26, pp. 826-837 (1978 November).

[32] G. J. Adams,Computer-Aided Loudspeaker System Design Part 2: Determination of Systen Power Ratings and Some Design Examples Using optimization Techniques,J. Audio Eng. Soc. , Vol. 26, pp. 922-929 (1978 December).

[33] L. R. Fincham,A Band-pass Loudspeaker Enclosure,Preprint 1512, AES 63rd Convention, Los Angeles, May 18-18 1979.

[34] J.N. White, ''Loudspeaker Athletics, J. Audio Eng. Soc., Vol. 27, pp. 891-898 (1979 November).

[35] W.M. Leach, Jr.Loudspeaker Driver Phase Response. The Neglected Factor in Crossover Network Design, J. Audio Eng. Soc. , Vol. 28, pp. 410-421 (1980 June).

[36] P. Garde,All-Pass Crossover Systems, J. Audio Eng. Soc. Vol. 28, pp. 575-584 (1980 September).

[37] D.G. Fink,Titue offset and Crossover Design,J. Audio Eng. Soc. , Vol. 28, pp. 601-611 (1980 September).

[38] M. R. Gander,Moving-Coil Loudspeaker Topology as an indicator of Linear Excursion Capability, J. Audio Eng. Soc., Vol. 29, pp. 10- 26 (1981 January/February) .

[39] P. Gonda, An lmproved Second-order Butterworth Loudspeaker Dividing Network: The offset B2, J. of Electrical and Electronics Eng., IE Australia, k IREE Australia, Vol. 1, No. 3, pp. 224-231 (1981 September) .

[40] R. M. Bullock lll,Loudspeaker-Crossover Systems: An optimal Crossover Choice” J. Audio Eng. Soc., Vol. 30, pp. 86-495 (1982 Ju1y/Augusi) .

[41] G. J. Adams and S. P. Roe, “Computer-Aided Design of Loudspeaker Crossover Networks,'' J. Audio Eng. Soc., Vol. 30, pp. 496-503 (1982 July/Augu s t )

[42] S.P. Lipshitz, M. Pocock, and J. Vanderkooy, on the Audibility of Midrange Phase Distortion in Audio Systems, J. Audio Eng. Soc. , Vol. 30, pp. 580-595 (1982 September).

[43] K. Singhal and J. Vlach, Computer Methods for Circuit Analysis and Design (Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1983).

[44] R. M. Bullock lll, “Satisfying Loudspeaker Crossover Restraints With Conventional Networks - old and New Designs, J. Audio Eng. Soc. , yol. 31, pp. 489-499, (1983 July/August).

[45] D.A. Bohn, A Fourth-order State Variable Filter for Linkwitz- Riley Active Crossover Designs ”Preprint 2011, AES 74th Convention, New York, october 8-12 1983.

[46] D. B. Keele, Jr.Direct Low-Frequencyy Driver Synthesis from Syste Specifications ” J. Audio Eng. Soc., Vol. 30, pp. 800-814 (1982 November). See also T. L. Clarke,Cominents on Direct Low-Frequency Driver Synthesis from System Specifications, J. Audio Eng. Soc. , Vol. 32, pp. 543-544 (1984 July/August).

[47] M. E. Engebretson,Low-Frequency Sound Reproduction J. Audio Eng.Soc., Vol. 32, pp. 340-346, (1984 May). See also J.B. Lee,Cominents on Low-Frequency Sound Reproduction, J. Audio Eng. Soc. ,Vol. 33, pp. 249-252 (1985 April), including Engebretson's reply.

[48] K. 0. Bal l.agh, optimum Loudspeaker Placement Near Reflecting Planes, J. Audio Eng. Soc., Vol. 31, pp. 931-935, (1983 December). See also R. F. Allison, Comments on optimum Loudspeaker Placement Near Reflecting Planes,'' J. Audio Eng. Soc., Vol. 32, p. 677 (1984 Sep tember) .

[49] R. M. Bul lock lll,passive Three-Way All-Pass Crossover Networks, J. Audio Eng. Soc., Vol. 32, pp. 626-639 (1984 Septdmber).

[50] H. Mayr, “Signal Power Spectrum Aspects in Loudspeaker Design, J. Audio Eng. Soc., Vol. 32, pp. 673-676 (1984 September). See also cominents by J.M. Woodgate, J. Audio Eng. Soc., Vol. 33, p. 249 (1985 April), and Mayr's reply, J. Audio Eng. Soc., Vol. 33, p. 249 (1985 Apri 1) .

[51] J. Vanderkooy and S. P. Lipshitz,ls Phase Linearization of Loudspeaker Crossover Networks Possible by Time offset and EqualizationoJ. AudiO Eng. SOc., Vol. 32, pp. 946-955 (1984 December ) .

[52] R.P. de Wit, A. J.M. Kaizer, and F. J. op de Beek,Numerical optimization of the Crossover Filters in a Multiway Loudspeaker System”J. Audio Eng. Soc., Vol. 34, pp. 115-123 (1986 March).

[53] P.L.Schuck,design of optimized loudspeaker crossover networks Using a Personal Computer” J. Audio Eng. Soc., yol. 34, pp. 124- 142 (1986 March). Corrections ibid.: Vol. 34, p. 563 (1986 July/August); Vol. 35, pp. 667-668 (1987 September). .

[54] F. E. Toole,Loudspeaker Measuremeents and Their Relationship to Listener Preference: Part 1 J. Audio Eng. Soc., Vol. 34, pp. . 227-235 (1986 April). .

[55] J. yanderkooy and S.P. Lipshitz,power Response of Loudspeakers With Noncoincident Drivers - The Influence of Crossover Design J. Audio Eng. Soc., Vol. 34, pp. 236-244 (1986 April).

[56] R.M. Bullock lll,A NeW Three-Way All-Pass Crossover Network Design,'' J. Audio Eng. Soc., Vol. 34, pp. 315-322 (1986 May).

[57] F. E. Toole “Loudspeaker Measurements and Their Relationship to Listener Preference: Part 2” J. Audio Eng. Soc., Vol. 34, pp. 333-348 (1986 May) .

[58] S.P. Lipshitz and J. Vanderkooy “In-Phase Crossover Network Design J. Audio Eng. Soc., Vol. 34, pp. 889-894 (1986 November).

[59] W. Marshall Leach, Jr.Electroacoustic System Realizations for the Linkwitz-Riley Crossover Networks J. Audio Eng. Soc. , Vol. 35, pp. 792-800 (1987 october).

[60] R. J. Kaufman “Simple Construction Projects - Build an Active Filter audio, pp. 44-47 (1988 July).

[61] D. A. Bohn, An sth-order State-Variable Filter for Linkwitz-Riley Active Crossover Designs Preprint 2697, AES 85th Convention, Los Angeles, November 3-6 1988.

[62] W. M. Leach, Jr.Electroacoustic-Analogous Circuit Models for Filled Enclosures”  J. Audio Eng. Soc., Vol. 37, pp. 586-592, (1989 July/August) .

[63] E. R. Geddes , An introduction to Band-Pass Loudspeaker Systems J. Audio Eng. Soc., Vol. 37, pp. 308-342 (1989 May). See also E. R. Geddes, Correction to An introduction to Band-Pass Loudspeaker Systems,'' J. Audio Eng. Soc., Vol. 42, p. 152 (1994 March) .

[64] R.M. Bullock lll A Unified Model for Closed-Boxes, Vented-Boxes and Passive-Radiators with Losses, 87th AES Convention, Preprint No. 2841, october 18-21 1989.

[65] J. R. Wright An Empirical Model for Loudspeaker Motor lmpedance” J. Audio Eng. Soc., Vol. 38, pp. 749-754 (1990 october).

[66] C. J. Struck and S. F. Terme Simulated Free Field Measurements J. Audio Eng. Soc., Vol. 42, pp. 467-482 (1994 June).

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